![]() The implicit suggestion is that a single-route model could inflect denominal verbs regularly by adding a semantic layer without incorporating explicit rules. In a similar vein, Ramscar (2002) argued that semantic differences between the denominal and deverbal forms explain their different inflections: “The discovery that semantics can be (and is) used to resolve the homophone problem obviates the necessity of a rule in past tense inflection” (p. 496), so denominals take the regular past-tense form ( The soldiers ringed the city). 102) states, “Speakers copy the irregular past-tense form of the original verb, rather than use - ed, to emphasize shared meaning between the new verb and the original irregular verb.” On this view, “speakers avoid irregular forms simply because they do not want to convey the meanings associated with those forms” ( Shirai, 1997, p. They argued that the irregular past-tense form carries the meaning of the central sense ( The church bell rang) or some of the meaning of the central sense ( Songs of freedom rang through the city). Harris (1992) and Shirai (1997) suggested a reply, based on semantics. A single-route model that transforms phonetic input into phonetic outputs, such as the neural network implemented by Rumelhart and McClelland (1986), would inevitably fail to inflect denominal verbs such as to ring the city correctly, because the model has no way of representing a particular verb as having been derived from a noun based on phonological information alone. A deverbal verb, a verb with a verb root (e.g., the extended sense of the verb ring, as in songs ring into the air), takes the irregular inflection because it can access the stored irregular form. A novel denominal verb takes the regular past-tense form because it is headless or exocentric: Verbs with noun roots can’t access the stored irregular form because nouns are not marked for tense, and thereby take the default inflection, - ed. ( 1991, 1994), Kiparsky (1982), Pinker (1997), and Pinker and Ullman ( 2002, 2003) have argued that an irregular verb’s root ( ring) is marked in the lexicon as having an irregular past-tense form ( rang). ![]() Denominal verbs often take the regular past-tense form even when the verb is phonologically identical to existing irregular verbs e.g., The soldiers ringed/* rang the city. That is, are all verbs inflected by an associative memory system (single route), or is there also an explicit - ed rule that operates as the default for regular verbs (dual route) 1?ĭenominal verbs, verbs derived from nouns (e.g., a bike -> to bike), pose a potential challenge to single-route approaches. Although most researchers would agree that irregular past-tense forms are handled by associative memory ( Marcus et al., 1995 Pinker & Prince, 1988 Rumelhart & McClelland, 1986 Seidenberg & Bruck, 1990), the unresolved issue centers on whether regular past-tense forms are also stored in associative memory. ![]() Regular and irregular verbs have been dissociated in psycholinguistic paradigms, such as reaction time ( Ellis & Schmidt, 1998 Prasada, Pinker & Synder, 1990) and neurolinguistic studies ( Clahsen & Almazen, 1998 Marslen-Wilson & Tyler, 1997 Ullman, Bergida & O’Craven, 1997), strengthening the argument for a dual-mechanism model. However, irregular verbs, such as sing, bear, or hit, do not. Most English verbs form their past-tense by suffixing - ed to the verb, as in talked. Past-tense morphology in English has been the focus of a spirited debate over the nature of cognition. Thus, the derivation of the verb (nominal or verbal) determined the past-tense preference more than semantic variables, consistent with dual-route models of verb inflection. ![]() The results showed that all the denominal verbs were rated as more acceptable for the regular inflection than the same verbs used polysemously, even though the two were semantically equally similar to the central meaning. Experiment 2 examined the acceptability of the regular and irregular past-tenses of the different verbs. Is this regularization due to a semantic difference from the usual verb, or is it due to the application of the default rule, namely VERB + - ed suffix? In Experiment 1, participants rated the semantic similarity of the extended senses of polysemous verbs and denominal verbs to their central senses. Although English verbs can be either regular ( walk-walked) or irregular ( sing-sang), “denominal verbs” that are derived from nouns, such as the use of the verb ring derived from the noun a ring, take the regular form even if they are homophonous with an existing irregular verb: The soldiers ringed the city rather than * The soldiers rang the city. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |